Turquoises Composition, Crystallization & Structure
Composition. A hydous phosphate of aluminum, colored by small amounts of a copper phosphate, H(Al.2O)2PO4 with isomorphous H (Cu.OH)2PO4.
Structure. Rarely in minute triclinic crystals, usually amorphous or cryptocrystalline. Massive compact, reniform, stalactitic, encrusting. In thin seams and disseminated grains.
Physical Properties. H. = 6. G. = 2.6-2.8. waxlike luster. Color blue, bluish green, green. Translucent to opaque.
Test. Infusible. After fusion with sodium carbonate and dissolving in nitric acid, gives a yellow precipitate with an access of ammonium molybdate solution (test for a phosphate). Gives momentary green flame. In C. T. turns dark and gives water.
Occurrence. Turquoise is a mineral of secondary origin, usually found in the form of small veins and stringers traversing more or less decomposed igneous rocks. The famous Persian deposits are
Found in trachyte nera Nishapur in the province of Khorana. In the United States it is found in a much altered trachytic rocks in the Los Cerrillos Mts., near Santa Fe, New Mexico; elsewhere in New Mexico. Turquoise has also been found in Arizona, Nevada and California.
Name. Is French and means Turkish, the original stones having come into Europe though Turkey.
Use. As a gem stone. Is it always cut in round or oval forms. Much turquoise in cut which is veined with the various gangue materials and such stones are sold under the name of turquoise matrix.
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