Titanite, Sphene Composition, Crystallization & Structure

Composition. Calcium titano-silicate, CaTiSi0₆ = Silica 30.6, titanium oxide 40.8, lime 28.6. Iron is usually present in small amounts.

Crystallization. Monoclinic. Crystals varied in habito Often with prominent basal plane which is steeply inclined and which in combination with short prism and pyramid faces gives a thinwedge-shaped crystal (Figs. 345 and 346).

Structure. Usually crystallized or lamellar.

Physical Properties. Prismatic cleavage. H. = 5-5.5. G. = 3.4-3.55. Resinous to adamantine luster. Color gray, brown, green, yellow, black. Transparent to opaque.

Test. Fusible at 4 with slight intumescense to a dark mass. Only slightly attacked by hydrochloric acid. Fuset with sodium carbonite; fusion dissolved in hydrochloric acid; the solution when boilet with tin gives a viole color (titanium).

Occurrence. A rather common accessory mineral in igneous rocks, being found as small crystals in granites, diorites, syenites, nephelite syenites, etc. Also found often in crystals of considerable size embedded in the metamorphic rocks, gneiss chorite-schist and crystalline limestone. Very commonly associated with chlorite. Also found with iron ores, pyroxene, amphibole, scapolite, ziron, apatite feldspar, quartz, etc. Notable localities for its occurrence in crystals are Tavetsch, Bimental, St. Gothard, Zillertal, Tirol; Ala Piedmont; Vesuvius; arendal, Norway; Diana, Rossie, fine, Pitcairn, Edenville, Brewster, etc., in New york; in various places in Ontario and Quebec, Canada.

Name. Sphene comes from a Greek word meaning wedge in allusion to a characteristic development of the crystals.

Perouskite, CaTiO₃, is a rare isometric titane.

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