Vanadium Element,
Alloys and Symbols

• Roscoelite, H8 K2 (Mg. Fe) (Al,V)4 (SiO3) 2 (¿)
• Vanadite, Pb, (Pb,Cl) (VO4)3.     
• Carnotite, k (UO2)2 (VO4)3.3H2O (‘?)

Vanadium is an acid-forming metal which is known in a number of very rare minerals. The tree listed above are the only ones which occur in sufficient quantities in the United States to be available for ores. Roscoelite is a green micaceous mineral containing about 2 per cent of metallic vanadium. It is found in a soft sandstone near Placerville, Col.. Carnotite is a sulfur-yellow pulverulent metal of doubtful composition which is found in sandstones in several districts in Colorado and Utah, near the boundary line between the two states. Vavanadite is a secondary lead mineral which is found sparingly in the oxidized zones of certain lead deposits in Arizona and New Mexico. All of these ores are low grade, and are worked only in a small way and at intervals. The chief supply of vanadium ores at present comes from Peru, where are large deposits of an impure carbonaceous sulfide of vanadium, known as patronite..

Vanadium is used chiefly in steel, and is said to give it great tensile and elastic strength.. Metavanadic acid , HVO3, is used as a yellow pigment, known as vanadium bronze. Vanadium oxide serves as mordant in dyeing.