Tests for the Elements

On the following pages will be given brief descriptions of the more important blowpipe and chemical tests for the elements as the occur in minerals. In order to facilitate reference to this section, the different elements will be treated in alphabetical order. 

Under each element the tests will be given in the approximate order of their importance. For a fuller discussion of this part of the subject reference must necessarily be made to the textbooks that treat of it alone. Below is a list of the elements whose tests are discussed, with chemical symbols, valence and atomic weights.

Element	Symbol	Valence	Atomic Weight
Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Boron Calcium Carbon Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Columbium, see Niobium Copper Fluorine Glucinum, see Beryllium. Gold Hydrogen Iron Lead Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Niobium Oxygen Phosphorus Platinum Potassium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulfur Tantalum Tellurium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium zinc	Al Sb As Ba Be Bi B Ca C Ci Cr Co   Cu F   Au H Fep Pb Li Mg Mn Hg Mo Ni Nb O P Pt K Si Ag Na Sr S Ta Te Sn Ti W U V Zn	Trivalent Trivalent and pentavalent Trivalent and pentavalent Bivalent Bivalent Trivalent Trivalent Bivalent Tetravalent Univalent Trivalent and sexivalent Bivalent   Univalent and bivalent Univalent   Univalent and trivalent Univalent Bivalent and trivalent Bivalent and tetravalent Univalent Bivalent Bivalent , trivalent & tetravalent. Univalent and bivalent Tetra Bivalent  Pentavalent Bivalent Pentavalent Bivalent and tetravalent Univalent Tetravalent Univalent Univalent Bivalent Bivalent and sexi sexivalent Pentavalent Bivalent Tetravalent Trivalent and tetravalent Sexivalent Tetravalent and sexivalent Pentavalent Bivalent	27 120 75 137 9 208 11 40 12 35.5 52.5 59   63.4 19   197.3 1 56 207 7 24 55 200 96 59 94 16 31 195 39.1 28 108 23 87.5 32 182.6 125 119 48 185 240 51.4 65.4