Galena coexisting VS bismuth and copper content
Galena coexisting with the sulphosalts shows variable bismuth and copper content. Thus, aikinite can form grains finer and frequently intergrown with galena. Figure 5 shows a typical phase diagram outlining the bismuth minerals and its relation with galena and copper.
Composition of bismuth minerals:
Some times, lead and bismuth minerals are intimately associated with copper minerals and liberation is very difficult. In this case, bismuth-copper separation is problematic and some of bismuth will be reported in the copper concentrate.
The minor element content of sulphide minerals changes regularly according to the type of ore deposits and also has a close connection with the formation conditions of the deposits. In the case of xenothermal type deposits, bismuth is concentrated in main constituent minerals that have the mineralogical structure of high temperature type.
Distribution of some contaminants such as arsenic, antimony, and bismuth is very low in the vein type deposits. However, bismuth is seldom present in the deposits of a copper-chloride vein type or in a copper-lead-zinc vein type. Porphyry type deposits can have present bismuth.
When bismuth is present as a solid solution in the sulphide minerals, it is concentrated in the final products such as copper, lead, and zinc concentrates.
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