Diamond Pipes

Diamonds are formed in the peridotite and eclogite rocks, they are 150 km or more under the surface of the Earth, it is in these levels where extreme pressure and temperature create the diamonds, not graphite, the stable form of the carbon element. Diamonds are taken closer to the surface of the Earth through volcanic pipes and dykes of kimberlite which is a dark ultramafic rock which consists principally of the olivine mineral. The kimberlite eruption carries xenoliths, or rock fragments of peridotite or eclogite bearing diamonds up through the precambrian basement rock and overlying formations of rocks.

The most common type of kimberlite pipes are the ones which have a mushroom shape and are typically found in clusters. Some of these pipes have the possibility of containing diamonds in economic quantities, some of them may hold just a few diamonds and yet other pipes may not be diamondiferous at all. There are a large amount of minerals which indicate the ones that do carry diamonds, such as certain types of ilmenite, spinels and garnets, which can show the presence of kimberlite.

Diamonds have also been found in dykes of an ultramafic rock which is very similar to kimberlite called lamprophyre.

Commercial amounts of hard-rock or lode diamonds have been located in several areas in Australia, Siberian Russia and sub-Saharan Africa, most recently these diamonds have been also found in the Northwest Territories of Canada

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