ACTIVATION & DEPRESSION
Additional reagents such as activators, depressants and pH regulators are used in Froth Flotation. Activators may be added to chemically resurface the solid to increase the interaction with collectors that are ineffective alone. Depressants from a polar chemical envelope around the solids particles that enhance hydrophilicity or selectively prevents interaction with collectors that may induce unwanted hydrophobicity.
Dispersants act to break agglomerated particles apart so that single particles interact with collector and air bubbles. Regulators are commonly used to control pH since the hydrophobicity of systems is often optimal within a certain pH range. Frothers also need a certain pH range in order to form stable bubbles. The presence of reducing agents may also serve to prevent the presence of soluble ions due to oxidation that may undesirably active certain minerals.
SURFACE AGENTS.
A modifier or conditioner in flotation is considered to be any reagent that does not function as a collector, depressant, or frother. Functions performed by modifiers and conditioners include pH adjustment, mineral surface change, precipitation of soluble salts, and reagent concentration change. Powdered activated carbon is a modifier or conditioner since it is used to improve separation of metals by adsorbing excess depressants and other organic reagents, such as collectors, from the solution or mineral surface. Powdered activated carbon consequently produces a reagent concentration change in the slurry, concentrate, and mineral surface. In other words, it can act much as a depressant - in that Powder Activated Carbon prevents the collector from reacting with the mineral surface, or, it can act like a collector conditioner by adsorbing excess and residual depressants thus enhancing and improving any collectors that are added later to the slurry or concentrate.
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